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Showing posts from April, 2026

Operating System

  Session -1(Operating System & Basic File Operations) Operating System: An operating system is a system software that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It manages all hardware and software resources of the computer and provides services for computer programs to run efficiently. Functions of Operating System: 1. Memory Management: Operating System manages the computer's memory- it keeps track of each byte and decides how much memory to allocate to processes. 2. Process Management : Operating System manages running programs (processes), their execution, and multitasking.  3. File Management: It handle file creation, deletion, reading, writing, and organization into directories/ folders. 4. Device Management: OS controls and coordinates all input/output(I/O) devices like keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. 5. User Interface: Provides interface (like GUI or Command Line) for user interaction with the system. 6. Security and Access Control: Protect...

MS-DOS Commands

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  Introduction to MS-DOS MS-DOS(Microsoft Disk Operating) is a command-line based operating system developed by Microsoft. It helps the computer manage hardware, files, and programs by typing commands. MS-DOS allows users to create, delete, copy, move, and organize files and folders. It also provides basic control over memory, disk drives, and other system resources. Unlike modern operating systems, MS-DOS does not have a graphical interface and works entirely through a text-based command prompt. How to open DOS Window or Command Prompt Press Windows key + R, type "cmd", then press enter. or, open the Start Menu / Search bar, type Command Prompt or cmd, and press enter. You can also create a desktop shortcut for cmd.exe for quick access. various commands in MS-DOS 1. DIR : The DIR commands is used to display the list of files and folders in the current directory or drive. It helps users see what files are present, their sizes, and other details.           ...

Communication Skills-II

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                                                 PART-A: Employability SKILLS Ch-1(Communication Skills)       What is Communication?         Communication is the process of sharing ideas, thoughts, feelings, or information between two or more people so that they can understand each other clearly. It can happen through speaking, writing, body language, or using technology.                                                     In other words Communication means exchanging information so that both sender and receiver understand each other properly. What is Communication skills? Communication skills means the ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and information clearly and effectively to o...