MS-DOS Commands

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 Introduction to MS-DOS

MS-DOS(Microsoft Disk Operating) is a command-line based operating system developed by Microsoft. It helps the computer manage hardware, files, and programs by typing commands. MS-DOS allows users to create, delete, copy, move, and organize files and folders. It also provides basic control over memory, disk drives, and other system resources. Unlike modern operating systems, MS-DOS does not have a graphical interface and works entirely through a text-based command prompt.

How to open DOS Window or Command Prompt

  • Press Windows key + R, type "cmd", then press enter.
  • or, open the Start Menu / Search bar, type Command Prompt or cmd, and press enter.
  • You can also create a desktop shortcut for cmd.exe for quick access.



various commands in MS-DOS

1. DIR: The DIR commands is used to display the list of files and folders in the current directory or drive. It helps users see what files are present, their sizes, and other details.

                  syntax:  C:\> DIR (Press enter)

                        



2. DIR /W: It displays files and folders in wide format and only file names are shown in multiple columns(no details like size or date).
               Syntax: C:\> DIR /W (Press enter)
CLS: CLS (Clear Screen) is an MS-DOS command used to clear the command prompt screen.
syntax: cls (Press enter)
4. MD (Make Directory) : MD Command is used to create a new folder (directory).
syntax: MD <Directory name>
            Ex: MD INDIA (Press enter)
5. CD (Change Directory): CD command is used to change the current directory.
    syntax: CD <Directory name>
            Ex: CD INDIA (Press Enter)
6. Copy Con Command: Copy Con command is used to create a new file and write text into it from the keyboard.
 Syntax: copy con <filename>  <extension>
         Ex:   copy con patna.txt /.doc/.ppt
Patna is the capital of Bihar (Press CTRL+Z  or F6 then Enter to save file)
7. Del(Delete): Del command is used to delete files from a directory.
     Syntax: Del file name extension
                  Del patna.txt
8. RD(Remove Directory): RD command is used to delete an empty directory.
Syntax: RD <Directory Name>
             RD INDIA 
9. CD.. : CD.. command is used to move one level back to the parent directory.
Syntax: CD.. 
   C:\ INDIA/BIHAR>CD..
   C:\ INDIA>
10. CD\: CD\ command is used to move directly to the root directory.
Syntax: CD\
 Ex: C:\ Users\ HP> CD\
        C:\>
11. REN(Rename): REN command is used to change the name of a file .
    Syntax: REN Old name filename 
        Ex: REN data.txt info.txt
12. Type : Type command is used to display the contents of a text file on the screen.
Syntax: TYPE<File name>
            Type note.txt
13. Copy: Copy command is used to copy one or more files from one location to another.
Syntax: COPY Source destination 
               


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