Basic Fundamentals of Computer

           Basic Fundamental of Computer. 

                      What is computer?



The word 'Computer' comes from the word 'Compute ',Which means 'to count' or 'to calculate ' .

A Computer is an electronic device that takes input from user , process the data and gives the desired result (output). It performs both mathematical and non-mathematical operations. 

It follows the principle of GIGO -Garbage In, Garbage Out (If wrong input is given, output will also be wrong).

            Characteristics of Computer 

1. Speed :-  

  • Computers works very fast. 
  • It can perform millions or billions of instructions in just one second. 
  • What takes humans hours can be done by a computer in seconds or milliseconds.
  • Example: Solving 10,000 math problems in a few seconds.

2.  Accuracy: 

  • A computer is highly accurate.
  • It gives correct results if the input is correct.
  • Errors only happen when wrong data or instructions are given.

3. Automation:

  • Once a computer is given a command or program, it works automatically.
  • It doesn't need help again and again from humans during the process.
  • Computers can work step-by-step on their own after instructions are given.

4. Versatile:- 

  • A computer can do different types of work.
  • It can be used for (Typing documents, playing games, watching games, doing calculations, sending emails, and more)
  • It can switch from one task to another very quickly.

5. Diligence:

  • Unlike humans, a computer never gets tired or bored.
  • It can work for long hours continuously without losing speed or accuracy.
  • It doesn't feel sleepy, lazy, or distracted. 

6 Storage:

  • A computer can store a huge amount of data like documents, images, videos, programs.
  • This data can be saved for many years and can be easily retrieved when needed.

               Limitations of Computer

1. No self Intelligence :- 

  • Computers do not have their own brain.
  • They cannot take decisions or act on their own.
  • They work only on the instructions given by humans.

2. No Thinking and Decision Making Power:- 

  • Computer cannot think or understand like humans.
  • They follow pre-defined rules, not emotions or real-world logic.

3. No Feelings or Emotions:

  • Lack of feelings is another Limitations of Computer. 
  • Computers do not have feelings like happiness, sadness, anger, etc.

4. Computer Cannot Learn:- 

  • Computer are not able to retain the knowledge and use it further just like we humans do . Computer just store the data.

           Categories of Computer 

Computer can be classified into two categories. 

1. Hardware:-  Hardware is the physically Components that we can touch, feel, & view are called Hardware. 

              In Simple word hardware is the physical parts of the computer. 

Ex:- Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, RAM, Hard disk , Printer , Microprocessor, etc.

     2. Software 

  • A Software is a set of programs or instructions that tells the computer what to do.
  • It cannot be touched(unlike hardware), but it helps hardware to work properly.
  • Programs are written in programming languages like C, C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, etc.

       Programs :- A Program is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer  to perform a specific tasks.

Software are three types 

1. System Software:-  System Software is a type of computer program that is designed and managed to all hardware devices. 

Ex:-    Operating System:- Windows 7,8.1, 10, Unix , Linux , Android, etc.

2. Application Software:- Application Software is a program written by the user to provide solutions to specific problems. 

Ex:-    MS Word, MS Excel,  Tally, VLC, Media Player, Java, etc.

3. Utility Software:-  Utility Software is used to maintain, manage, and protect the computer system. It helps in the smooth functioning of the computer.

Example:

Antivirus( for protecting from viruses)

Disk Cleanup(to remove junk files)

WinRAR(to compress files)









                              





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